HELIOSOpen AI Infrastructure Observatory
Static snapshot. This site serves two different things: 1,853 data centres reported by OpenStreetMap contributors nationwide, and 13 sites Helios infers from Arizona parcel records, exported on July 29, 2026. The first is a map of what has been recorded; the second is an argued hypothesis with an evidence chain. This is a point-in-time export, not a live view. See meta.json or the methodology.

Interactive infrastructure map

Site boundaries coloured by development stage, drawn over the electrical substations that could plausibly serve them. Proximity to grid capacity is a precondition for a large load, not evidence that a connection exists.

StageSite speculationRegulatory commitmentConstruction initiatedEnergizationOperationalNot placed on the scaleSubstation (size by voltage)

Reported facilities, nationwide

The map above is one Arizona valley, because sites are built from county parcel records and Helios reads two counties. This one is the whole country, because it is not showing sites. Each point is a single federal record: EPA lists a permitted air facility under a hosting NAICS code. Nothing here has been clustered into a project, staged, or scored.

For national coverage of data centres and the transmission grid that supplies them, see the national infrastructure map, which draws every mapped US facility over the substations and generating plants around it.

412 facilities. Northern Virginia is the largest concentration of data-centre capacity in the world, and Helios has built no sites there. Worth sitting with before reading anything else here.

What is shown

  • 13 site boundaries, each the union of its linked parcel geometries rather than a convex hull, so an irregular assembly is not drawn as land the project does not hold.
  • 175 substations at 69 kV and above, sized by voltage.
  • 412 EPA-reported hosting facilities nationwide, drawn as undifferentiated points because one reported record is all each of them carries.

Attribution

  • Parcel data courtesy of Maricopa County Assessor / Maricopa County GIS.
  • Power infrastructure data (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL.
  • Facility records from US EPA ECHO (ICIS-Air), public domain. Coordinates are sometimes geocoded rather than surveyed.