HELIOSOpen AI Infrastructure Observatory
Static snapshot. This site serves two different things: 1,853 data centres reported by OpenStreetMap contributors nationwide, and 13 sites Helios infers from Arizona parcel records, exported on July 29, 2026. The first is a map of what has been recorded; the second is an argued hypothesis with an evidence chain. This is a point-in-time export, not a live view. See meta.json or the methodology.

IA

State · 68 data centres recorded in OpenStreetMap

Mapped facilities
68
on the map today
Floor area
1.11
km² across 58 buildings
Share of US load
1,213
MW, inferred upper bound
Water
2.64
million gal/day, inferred
10 of these 68 are not mapped as buildings, so no power figure is estimated for them. 10 are campus boundaries covering 7.69 km² of land. The megawatt figure above divides a national total by building floor area, and the area of a land parcel is not floor area. A site still being built consumed none of the electricity that total measures. Both are counted here and left out of the estimate rather than folded into it, so this region's load is understated by however much those represent.

When these appeared on the map

observed, not surveyed
03263tag not yet in use201620172018202020212022202320242025
Data centres recorded in OpenStreetMap at the end of each month. The hatched stretch is before 2017-01, when telecom=data_center was not yet in common use — the near-zero readings there describe the tag, not the country. This is a count of what has been mapped, and OpenStreetMap carries no construction dates.
5 of these 68 facilities do not appear in the curve. The chart counts facilities whose appearance was observed in OpenStreetMap's edit history; one mapped before 2012 has no creation edit to observe. The two numbers answer different questions — how many are on the map now, and how many were watched arriving — and neither is wrong.

What the grid here looks like

reported by OSM contributors
Substations
1,417
69 kV and above
Bulk substations
91
230 kV and above
Highest voltage
345
kV, present in this state
Generating capacity
23,669
MW across 283 plants

A facility drawing hundreds of megawatts connects at bulk transmission voltage, so the second figure matters more than the first: forty 69 kV yards are not a substitute for one 500 kV substation. 70 of the plants here carry no capacity tag, so the megawatt total is a floor rather than the region's output.

Proximity is not connection. Nothing here shows that any facility has contracted power from any of these substations. That gets settled in interconnection filings Helios cannot read, and in several regions those queues now run for years. A county showing no substations may have none mapped rather than none standing.

Largest named mapped records

by mapped area
NameOperatorMapped asMapped area m²Share MWFirst mapped
Altoona Meta Data CenterMetaCampus boundary2,468,302—2025-03-19
Apple Data Centernot recordedCampus boundary1,742,168—before 2012
Apple Waukee Data CenterAppleCampus boundary752,278—before 2012
Project OsmiumMicrosoftCampus boundary657,144—2025-03-19
Project Ginger WestMicrosoftCampus boundary619,409—before 2012
Project AlluvionMicrosoftCampus boundary552,533—before 2012
Project Ginger EastMicrosoftCampus boundary485,142—before 2012
Google Council Bluffs Data CenterGoogleCampus boundary214,118—2023-11-24
Project MountainMicrosoftCampus boundary165,355—before 2012
Facebook Altoona Data Center 5MetaBuilding58,34463.92020-07-27
Facebook Altoona Data Center 4MetaBuilding56,38861.82020-04-04
MetaMetaBuilding55,84261.22024-02-21
MetaMetaBuilding45,83550.22024-02-21
Facebook Altoona Data Center 3MetaBuilding35,09538.52020-04-04
CyrusOne OCB1 Council BluffsCyrusOneCampus boundary32,701—2023-11-24
GoogleGoogleBuilding29,63132.52022-06-27
Facebook Altoona Data Center 1MetaBuilding29,30232.12016-12-16
AppleAppleBuilding29,15331.92024-09-26
Facebook Altoona Data Center 2MetaBuilding28,55631.32016-12-16
GoogleGoogleBuilding27,57730.22024-05-28
GoogleGoogleBuilding27,38030.02024-05-28
GoogleGoogleBuilding23,99026.32022-06-27
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding23,27225.52025-04-07
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding23,27225.52025-04-07
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding23,27125.52023-05-17
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding23,27125.52025-04-07
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding22,96625.22024-09-26
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding22,96525.22024-09-26
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding22,63824.82020-07-27
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding22,50824.72022-07-02
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding22,22924.42020-07-27
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding20,50722.52022-07-02
GoogleGoogleBuilding19,65321.52022-06-27
GoogleGoogleBuilding16,21917.82022-06-27
GoogleGoogleBuilding16,19017.72022-06-27
GoogleGoogleBuilding14,70116.12022-06-27
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding14,30315.72020-07-27
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding13,85615.22020-07-27
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding13,60914.92020-07-27
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding13,48414.82020-07-27

“First mapped” is when OpenStreetMap recorded the facility, not when it was built — OpenStreetMap carries no construction dates. Mapped area means a building floor plate, campus boundary, or construction polygon according to the “Mapped as” column; those quantities are never added together. The megawatt column appears only for buildings and is their floor-area share of a reported national total, not a measurement.