HELIOSOpen AI Infrastructure Observatory
Static snapshot. This site serves two different things: 1,853 data centres reported by OpenStreetMap contributors nationwide, and 13 sites Helios infers from Arizona parcel records, exported on July 29, 2026. The first is a map of what has been recorded; the second is an argued hypothesis with an evidence chain. This is a point-in-time export, not a live view. See meta.json or the methodology.

CA

State · 113 data centres recorded in OpenStreetMap

Mapped facilities
113
on the map today
Floor area
0.69
km² across 98 buildings
Share of US load
753
MW, inferred upper bound
Water
1.64
million gal/day, inferred
3 of these 113 are not mapped as buildings, so no power figure is estimated for them. 3 are campus boundaries covering 0.02 km² of land. The megawatt figure above divides a national total by building floor area, and the area of a land parcel is not floor area. A site still being built consumed none of the electricity that total measures. Both are counted here and left out of the estimate rather than folded into it, so this region's load is understated by however much those represent.

When these appeared on the map

observed, not surveyed
057113201620182019202020212023202420252026
Data centres recorded in OpenStreetMap at the end of each month. The hatched stretch is before 2017-01, when telecom=data_center was not yet in common use — the near-zero readings there describe the tag, not the country. This is a count of what has been mapped, and OpenStreetMap carries no construction dates.

What the grid here looks like

reported by OSM contributors
Substations
1,298
69 kV and above
Bulk substations
321
230 kV and above
Highest voltage
500
kV, present in this state
Generating capacity
99,981
MW across 2,415 plants

A facility drawing hundreds of megawatts connects at bulk transmission voltage, so the second figure matters more than the first: forty 69 kV yards are not a substitute for one 500 kV substation. 1,189 of the plants here carry no capacity tag, so the megawatt total is a floor rather than the region's output.

Proximity is not connection. Nothing here shows that any facility has contracted power from any of these substations. That gets settled in interconnection filings Helios cannot read, and in several regions those queues now run for years. A county showing no substations may have none mapped rather than none standing.

Largest named mapped records

by mapped area
NameOperatorMapped asMapped area m²Share MWFirst mapped
Digital Realty Silicon Valley SC1Digital RealtyBuilding27,68030.32016-12-16
RagingWire CA2NTTBuilding19,01820.82023-04-26
RagingWire CA1NTTBuilding17,86619.62023-04-26
Hurricane Electric Fremont 2Hurricane ElectricBuilding16,84018.52020-06-08
MicrosoftMicrosoftBuilding15,48317.02016-12-16
Equinix SV5EquinixBuilding15,45116.92016-12-16
Kaiser Data Centernot recordedBuilding15,12416.62021-01-19
Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC37Digital RealtyBuilding14,46415.82024-09-07
RagingWire CA3NTTBuilding14,06215.42023-11-29
Silicon Valley SJC31Digital RealtyBuilding13,61914.92016-12-17
Csquare SFO2CsquareBuilding13,57314.92025-12-23
NTT Silicon Valley data center campusnot recordedCampus boundary13,308—2024-12-20
STACK SVY02Stack InfrastructureBuilding12,64313.92025-12-23
Equinix SV1EquinixBuilding12,54413.82016-12-16
Vantage Santa Clara CA2Vantage Data CentersBuilding12,26613.42024-09-07
Digital Realty Silicon Valley SJC34Digital RealtyBuilding12,00713.22016-12-17
Equinix SV4EquinixBuilding11,36812.52016-12-16
Serverfarm - LAX1Serverfarm LLC.Building11,06512.12025-04-14
Csquare SFO2CsquareBuilding10,74811.82025-12-23
DRT LAX12Digital RealtyBuilding10,52711.52016-12-17
Equinix San Jose SV3EquinixBuilding10,19011.22016-12-16
Stack InfrastructureStack InfrastructureBuilding10,03311.02020-12-17
EquinixEquinixBuilding10,01311.02026-04-24
Digital Realty San Francisco SFO10Digital RealtyBuilding9,74210.72016-12-16
USPO Terminal AnnexUnited States Postal ServiceBuilding9,22310.12023-04-26
AmazonAmazon Web ServicesBuilding9,11810.02025-12-23
Csquare SFO1CsquareBuilding8,5659.42016-12-17
QTS SacramentoQuality Technology ServicesBuilding8,3809.22023-11-29
CoreSite SV2CoreSite Real Estate 1656 McCarthy, L.P.Building8,3569.22020-12-18
AT&T CenterAmerican Telephone & TelegraphBuilding8,2609.12021-07-21
Equinix SV10EquinixBuilding8,0218.82023-11-29
Lumen Technologiesnot recordedBuilding7,9588.72023-10-23
Csquare SFO1CsquareBuilding7,7978.52016-12-17
LightEdge SAN1not recordedBuilding7,7648.52023-04-26
Equinix Santa Clara SV2EquinixBuilding7,5358.32016-12-16
Cologix Santa Clara SV1 Data CenterCologixBuilding7,4968.22024-12-20
EdgeCore Silicon Valleynot recordedBuilding7,4748.22025-12-23
Stack InfrastructureStack InfrastructureBuilding7,2568.02020-12-17
Lumen Sunnyvale 1Lumen TechnologiesBuilding7,1667.82025-12-23
Equinix SV11EquinixBuilding7,1517.82023-11-29

“First mapped” is when OpenStreetMap recorded the facility, not when it was built — OpenStreetMap carries no construction dates. Mapped area means a building floor plate, campus boundary, or construction polygon according to the “Mapped as” column; those quantities are never added together. The megawatt column appears only for buildings and is their floor-area share of a reported national total, not a measurement.